【原文】How To Install Nginx on Ubuntu 16.04

install nginx

Nginx is available in Ubuntu’s default repositories, so the installation is rather straight forward.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nginx

Adjust the Firewall (use ufw)

get a listing of the application profiles

sudo ufw app list

//Output
Available applications:
  Nginx Full
  Nginx HTTP
  Nginx HTTPS
  OpenSSH

enable

sudo ufw allow 'Nginx HTTP'

verify

sudo ufw status

Check your Web Server

systemctl status nginx

Manage the Nginx Process

sudo systemctl stop nginx
sudo systemctl start nginx
sudo systemctl restart nginx
//If you are simply making configuration changes, Nginx can often reload without dropping connections. To do this, this command can be used:
sudo systemctl reload nginx

By default, Nginx is configured to start automatically when the server boots. If this is not what you want, you can disable this behavior by typing:

sudo systemctl disable nginx

To re-enable the service to start up at boot, you can type:

sudo systemctl enable nginx

Get Familiar with Important Nginx Files and Directories

Content
/var/www/html: The actual web content, which by default only consists of the default Nginx page you saw earlier, is served out of the /var/www/html directory. This can be changed by altering Nginx configuration files.

Server Configuration
/etc/nginx: The Nginx configuration directory. All of the Nginx configuration files reside here.

/etc/nginx/nginx.conf: The main Nginx configuration file. This can be modified to make changes to the Nginx global configuration.

/etc/nginx/sites-available/: The directory where per-site “server blocks” can be stored. Nginx will not use the configuration files found in this directory unless they are linked to the sites-enabled directory (see below). Typically, all server block configuration is done in this directory, and then enabled by linking to the other directory.

/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/: The directory where enabled per-site “server blocks” are stored. Typically, these are created by linking to configuration files found in the sites-available directory.

/etc/nginx/snippets: This directory contains configuration fragments that can be included elsewhere in the Nginx configuration. Potentially repeatable configuration segments are good candidates for refactoring into snippets.

Server Logs
/var/log/nginx/access.log: Every request to your web server is recorded in this log file unless Nginx is configured to do otherwise.

/var/log/nginx/error.log: Any Nginx errors will be recorded in this log.